Ayurvedic understanding of gut–brain interaction: Role of Agni and Manas Ayurvedic understanding of Gut - brain interaction: Role of Agni and Manas Running Section Review of Article

Abstract

The gut–brain axis represents a bidirectional communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system involving neural, endocrine, and immune pathways. Ayurveda provides a conceptual framework for understanding this interaction through the principles of Agni (digestive and metabolic fire) and Manas (mind). Agni governs digestion, metabolism, and transformation of nutrients, whereas Manas regulates cognition, emotional responses, and mental stability. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe a strong relationship between digestive health and psychological well-being, suggesting that impaired digestion leads to the formation of Ama (metabolic toxins), which may influence mental functioning. This review analyzes Ayurvedic perspectives on gut–brain interaction and correlates them with modern physiological concepts such as the gut–brain axis, neuroendocrine signaling, and microbiota-mediated communication. Integrating Ayurvedic physiology with modern biomedical understanding may contribute to new approaches for managing gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric disorders.