Literature review of concept of pharyngitis
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Using research from 1989 to 2018, the article provides family doctors with up-to-date information on diagnosing and treating pharyngitis by reviewing important symptoms, research techniques, and typical causes. Bacterial, fungal, or viral infections can cause pharyngitis, or inflammation of the throat; viral infections frequently go away on their own. Throat cultures and quick antigen tests are used to accurately diagnose bacterial infections, which require antimicrobial therapy. Since needless prescriptions do not speed recovery or reduce the risk of reinfection, the article highlights the significance of having a complete medical history and using antibiotics responsibly. This summary covers new pathogens of concern in clinical practice and lays the foundation for later sections that concentrate on diagnostic tests for acute pharyngitis.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- 1. Sykes, E., Wu, V., Beyea, M., Simpson, M., & Beyea, J. (2020). Pharyngitis: Approach to diagnosis and treatment.. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 66 4, 251-257.
- 2. Renner, B., Mueller, C., & Shephard, A. (2012). Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat). Inflammation Research, 61, 1041 - 1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-012-0540-9.
- 3. Koné, F., Dienta, L., Timbo, S., Cissé, N., Samaké, D., Guindo, B., Traoré, L., Soumaoro, S., Konaté, N., Diarra, K., Keita, M., & Mohamed, A. (2020). Study of Factors Associated with Acute Pharyngitis. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 6, 6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20200601.12.
- 4. Bisno, A. (1996). Acute pharyngitis: etiology and diagnosis.. Pediatrics, 97 6 Pt 2, 949-54. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.97.6.949.
- 5. Middleton, D. (1996). PHARYNGITIS. Primary Care, 23, 719 - 739. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(05)70359-6.
- 6. Esposito, S., Blasi, F., Bosis, S., Droghetti, R., Faelli, N., Lastrico, A., & Principi, N. (2004). Aetiology of acute pharyngitis: the role of atypical bacteria.. Journal of medical microbiology, 53 Pt 7, 645-51. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.05487-0.
- 7. Caldwell, J., Ledeboer, N., & Boyanton, B. (2024). Review: Known, Emerging, and Remerging Pharyngitis Pathogens. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 230, S173 - S181. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae391.
- 8. Soderholm, A., Barnett, T., Sweet, M., & Walker, M. (2017). Group A streptococcal pharyngitis: Immune responses involved in bacterial clearance and GAS‐associated immunopathologies. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 103, 193 - 213. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.4mr0617-227rr.
- 9. Zuleika, P., & , A. (2023). Characteristics of Acute Pharyngitis at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia. Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. https://doi.org/10.59345/sjorl.v1i1.33.
- 10. Anjos, L., Marcondes, M., Lima, M., Mondelli, A., & Okoshi, M. (2014). Streptococcal acute pharyngitis.. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 47 4, 409-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0265-2013.
- 11. Anjos, L., Marcondes, M., Lima, M., Mondelli, A., & Okoshi, M. (2014). Streptococcal acute pharyngitis.. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 47 4, 409-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0265-2013.
- 12. Choby, B. (2009). Diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis.. American family physician, 79 5, 383-90.
- 13. Diseases of EAR, NOSE AND THROAT FIFTH EDITION PL Dhingra MS, DLO, MNAMS page no 268
- 14. Hiltbrand, M., & Cushing, E. (2025). A Rare Sequela of Untreated Streptococcus Pharyngitis: A Case Report. The Laryngoscope, 135, 1940 - 1942. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.32011.